Theories of Sociology: Theories of Classic Sociology (Vol.II)

The book Theories of Classic Sociology explains the contexts and conditions that led to the formation of this new knowledge, such as intellectual streams, major social crises in the form of war and revolution, and structural changes such as urbanization and industrialization which have played a role in shaping modern sociology. Although sociology is a modern science established in the nineteenth century in France and America, thinkers of Islamic civilization have also played a special role in this field, such as Ibn Khaldun, who first introduced civil science and the theory of Asabiyah (social solidarity). After the Islamic period, sociology was organized in different fields with different themes: in the field of French civilization with the focus on the sociological understanding of Saint-Simon, Auguste Comte, and Durkheim; In the realm of English civilization with a focus on Stuart Mill’s social thinking and Spencer’s sociological understanding; In the field of German civilization with the focus on thinkers such as Marx, Sombart, Simmel, and Weber; In the field of Italian civilization with a focus on Vico and Pareto; Then, in the realms of American civilization and elsewhere, founding sociologists such as Ward, Small, and Giddens played a major role in the application of sociology, which in the following decades, sociology emerged in the form of various theories and schools.