The Formation and Development of Proto-Writing in Iran (from Pre-Writing to Proto-Elamite)

The purpose of this book is to introduce the different angles and indicators of the early urban/ town communities, beyond the Mesopotamia. Although different views of urbanism at first glance have similarities with Mesopotamia, explaining its differences based on the diversity of Iran's geographical-cultural areas requires its own framework. The period of the beginning of the urbanism / urban settlement has several indicators. One of these indicators, and the most important of them, is the control, monitoring and management means in society, which finally led to the invention of writing in the form of writing on clays around the second half of the fourth B.C. This book, while presenting archeological-linguistic index documents, examines the evolution of writing in Iran from the pre-writing stage to the beginning of writing: in the pre- writing stage, object counting, hollow counting balls, solid counting balls, fusiform counting balls and calligraphy, and at the beginning of writing, by dividing into two parts, Bijak indices and elementary, advanced enumeration and signage fonts and Elamite beginning fonts are analyzed.